Factors Influencing Gen Z Volunteerism: Insights from a Multistate Study of 4-H Alumni Values and Preferences

Roshan Nayak; Cheryl Butterfield; Gemma Miner; Stacey MacArthur; Aditya Sinha; Donna Schwarting

doi:10.5032/jae.v66i4.3222

Authors

Roshan Nayak Virginia Tech https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7855-0102
Cheryl Butterfield New Mexico Farm & Livestock Bureau
Gemma Miner University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9534-6508
Stacey MacArthur Utah State University
Aditya Sinha Bihar Agricultural University, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-9048
Donna Schwarting University of Idaho – Extension

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i4.3222

Keywords:

Generation Z, Volunteering Decisions, ISOTURE, 4-H Alumni, 4-H Volunteers

Abstract

This multistate exploratory study examines factors and preferences influencing volunteering decisions of Generation Z early 4-H alumni. Guided by the I.S.O.T.U.R.E. volunteer administration model, the study surveyed 910 Gen Z 4-H alumni across six states in the Western region of the U.S. to identify key factors affecting their decisions to begin and continue volunteering. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that personal value alignment, readiness to commit, and organizational support significantly influenced Gen Zers’ volunteering decisions. Volunteer preferences (short-, medium-, or long-term) were also found to moderate the impact of certain factors, particularly for those motivated by long-term commitment and value congruence. Cluster analysis further identified two distinct groups based on how strongly they were influenced by these emerging factors. The results showed those in the highly influenced cluster were more likely to value education, community-building, and family. Additionally, we found that volunteering decisions are driven by a cause and influenced by personal connections, invitations, and prior relationships with the organization. The multistate study underscores the importance of tailoring recruitment, training, and engagement strategies to align with Gen Zers' social values, career interests, and preferences for meaningful, tech-enabled experiences. The findings offer practical implications for 4-H youth development program aiming to enhance volunteer recruitment and retention by adapting strategies to meet the expectations of Gen Zers.

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