Examining the Presence of Youth-Adult Partnership in Secondary Agricultural Educations: A Longitudinal Study

Caleb Hickman; Hunter Julian; Stacy K Vincent; Kang Namkoong; Alex Byrd; Brett Wasden; Ashley Austin; Alex Tingle; Morgan Dietrich

doi:10.5032/jae.v66i1.2394

Authors

Caleb M. Hickman Utica High School
Hunter-Anne Mattingly Kentucky Center for Agriculture and Rural Development
Stacy K. Vincent University of Kentucky https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-1059
Kang Namkoong University of Maryland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-6210
A. Preston Byrd Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6359-0399
Brett M. Wasden Bell High School https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-7784
Ashley C. Austin Canton-Galva Schools
Alex K. Tingle Jessamine County Schools
Morgan L. Dietrich HLV Community School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2394

Abstract

The CROPS project began seven years ago with the intent of saving the lives of farmers and changing the behavioral safety intentions of teenage farm youth, through secondary agricultural education. Participating teachers from the ten-state region engaged in a three-day training that prepared them for content delivery through the tenets of the Youth-Adult Partnership (YAP) Theory. The purpose of the longitudinal qualitative study was to explore if the teachers a part of the CROPS project were engaging youth in the principles of YAP and to determine what elements of the theory of Authentic Decision-Making (Natural Mentors, Reciprocal Activity, and Community Connectedness) were present, through the interviews of randomly selected participating students (n = 263), over a six-year period, within 69 focus groups. After a thorough coding process, the students revealed 253 examples of YAP present. Natural Mentoring was determined to be the most prevalent and Authentic Decision-Making was deemed to be deficient. The interviews revealed growth in the presence of YAP over the six-year period, which is due to the modifications made in the training process; however, recommendations are provided to further elevate delinquencies and areas where YAP should be improved.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akiva, T., Cortina, K.S., & Smith, C. (2014). Involving youth in program decision-making: How common and what might it do for youth? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1844–1860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.08.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0183-y

Ball, A. L., Bowling, A. M., & Sharpless, J. D. (2016). An observational analysis of coaching

behaviors for career development event teams: A mixed methods study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 57(3), 101–114. https://doi.10.5032/jae.2016.03101

Bird, W. A., Martin, M. J., & Ball, A. L. (2013). Engaging students in constructive Youth-Adult relationships: A case study of urban school-based agriculture students and positive adult mentors. Journal of Agricultural Education, 54(2), 29–43. https://doi.10.5032/jae.2013.02029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2013.02029

Birks, M., Chapman, Y., & Francis, K. (2008). Memoing in qualitative research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 13(1), 68–75. https://doi.10.1177/1744987107081254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987107081254

Calman, L., Brunton, L., & Molassiotis, A. (2013). Developing longitudinal qualitative designs:

lessons learned and recommendations for health services research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(14). https://doi.10.1186/1471-2288-13-14

Camino, L. A. (2000). Youth-adult partnerships: Entering new territory in community work and

research. Applied Developmental Science, 4(1), 11–20. http://doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS04Suppl_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS04Suppl_2

Collins, M. E., Spencer, R., & Ward, R. (n.d.). Supporting youth in the transition from foster care: Formal and informal connections. Child Welfare, 89(1), 125–143.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed). Sage Publications.

Deschenes, S. N., Arbreton, A., Little, P. M., Herrera, C., Grossman, J. B., Weiss, H. B., & Lee, D. (2010). Engaging older youth: Program and city-level strategies to support sustained participation in out-of-school time. Harvard Family Research Project. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59656/YD-OS7546.001

Erickson, L. D., McDonald, S., & Elder, G. H. (2009). Informal mentors and education: Complementary or compensatory resources? Sociology of Education, 82, 344–367. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003804070908200403 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070908200403

Given, L. M. (Ed.). (2008). Evolution of qualitative research. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909.n160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909

Hard, D. L., McKenzie, E. A., Cantis, D., May, J., Sorensen, J., Bays, B., Madden, E., Stone, B., & Maass, J. (2016). The NIOSH CROPS demonstration project: A study in New York and Virginia with an emphasis on youth. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Heath, 22(3), 173–186. https://doi:10.13031/jash.22.11624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.22.11624

Heck, K., & Fowler, J. (2008). Social capital in adolescence predict civic engagement among young adults. UC Davis Center for Youth Development.

Heffernan, O. S., Herzog, T. M., Schiralli, J. E., Hawke, L. D., Chaim, G., Henderson, J. L. (2017). Implementation of a youth-adult partnership model in youth mental health systems research: Challenges and successes. Health Expectations, 20(6), 1183–1188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12554

Hermanowicz J. C. (2016) Longitudinal Qualitative Research. In: Shanahan M., Mortimer J., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20880-0_22

Kirkpatrick Johnson M. (eds) Handbook of the Life Course. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham.

Henness, S. A., Ball, A. L., & Moncheski, M. (2013). A community development approach to DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20059

service-learning: Building social capital between rural youth and adults. New Directions for Youth Development, 11(1), 75–95. https://doi.10.1002/yd.20059.

Jaworski, B., & Sauer, W. J. (1985). Cohort variation (Hirschman, E.C., & Holbrook, M.B. Ed.). Advances in Consumer Research, 12, 32–36.

Jennings, L. B., Parra-Medina, D. M., Messias Hilginger, D. K., & McLoughlin, K. (2006). Toward a critical social theory of youth empowerment. Journal of Community Practice, 14(1/2), 31–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J125v14n01_03

Jones, R. H. (2009). An evaluation of youth/adult partnerships in Georgia Youth Summit Teams (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia).

Kirby, P., Lanyon, C., & Sinclair, R. (2003). Building a culture of participation: Involving young people and children in policy, service planning, delivery, and evaluation. The Department for Education and Skills.

Kirshner, B. (2009). “Power in numbers”: Youth organizing as a context for exploring civic identity. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 414–440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00601.x

Lamm, K. W., Sapp, R., & Lamm, A. J. (2017). The mentoring experience: Leadership

development program perspectives. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(2), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.02020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.02020

Libby, M., Rosen, M., & Sedonaen, M. (2005). Building youth-adult partnerships for community

change: Lessons from the youth leadership institute. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20037

Manning, W. D. (2020). Young adulthood relationships in an era of uncertainty: A case for cohabitation. Demography, 57(3), 799–819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00881-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00881-9

Mazur, J. M., Vincent, S. K., Watson, J. M., & Westneat, S., (2014). CROPS assembly & installation in high school agriculture mechanics classes: A feasibility study. Journal of Agromedicine, 20(2), 149–159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2015.1009665

Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences) (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984867

Morrissey, E. R. (1974). Sources of error in the coding of questionnaire data. Sociological Methods and Research, 3(2), 209–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004912417400300204

Myers, M. L. (2020). The Power of Safety Professionals to Effect Change. Journal of DOI: https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13984

Agricultural Safety and Health, 26(2), 61–65. https://doi.10.13031/jash.13984

Namkoong, K., Chen, J., Leach, J., Vincent, S. K., Song, Y., & Wasden, B., (2020). Virtual

Reality Intervention for Safety Education: Unveiling the immersive media effects on agricultural injury prevention behaviors. Paper accepted for presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (Communicating Science, Health, Environment, and Risk Division), San Francisco, CA.

Neale, B. (2021). The craft of qualitative longitudinal research: the craft of researching lives through time. Sage

NIOSH. (2019, October). Cost-effective Rollover Protective Structures (CROPS) . https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aginjury/crops/default.html

Ramey, H. L., Lawford, H. L., & Vachon, W. (2017). Youth-adult partnerships in work with youth: An overview. Journal of Youth Development, 12(4), 38–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2017.520

Reischl, T. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Morrel-Samuels, S., Franzen, S. P., Faulk, M., Eisman, A. B., & Roberts, E. (2011). Youth empowerment solutions for violence prevention. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 22(3), 581–600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781581107258-ch11

Rubin H. J. & Rubin I. S. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing the data. (3rd

Ed.). SAGE.

Saldana, J. (2016). An introduction to codes and coding. (3rd ed.). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (pp. 1–30). Sage.

Subramaniam, A., & Moncloa, F. (2010). Young People's Perspectives on Creating a “Participation-Friendly” Culture. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(2), 25–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2010.0017

The Southeast Center for Agricultural Health & Injury Prevention (SCAHIP).Cost-effective Roll-Over Protective Structures Project Overview. (n.d.). https://www.uky.edu/scahip/center-projects/cost-effective-roll-over-protective-structures/development

Van Dam, L., Neels, S., De Winter, M., Branje, S., Wijsbroek, S., Hutschemaekers, G., Dekker,

A., Sekreve, A., Zwaanswijk, M., & Wissink, G. J. J. (2017). Youth initiated mentors: Do they offer an alternative for out-of-home placement in youth care? British Journal of Social Work, 47, 1764–1780. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx092

Vincent, S. K., Mazur, J. M., Summey, T. E., & Namkoong, K. (2019). An evaluation of

behavioral intent in Appalachian youth participating in a CROPS curriculum. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 25(1), 25–36. http://doi.10.13031/jash.12810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12810

Watson, J. M., Mazur, J. M., & Vincent, S. K. (2015). Youth-driven youth-adult partnerships: A

phenomenological exploration of agriculture education teachers’ experiences. Journal of Agricultural Education. 56(3), 105–120. http://doi.10.5032/jae.2015.03105

Weiss, R. S. (1994). Learning from strangers: The art and method of qualitative interview

studies. Free Press.

Weybright, E. H., Trauntein, N., & Deen, M. K. (2017). “It was like we were all equal”: Maximizing youth development using youth-adult partnerships. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 35(1), 5–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2017-V35-I1-7246

Whitlock, J. (2007). The role of adults, public space, and power in adolescent community

connectedness. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(4), 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20161

Wu, J. H., Kornbluh, M., Weiss, J., & Roddy, L. (2016). Measuring and understanding authentic youth engagement: The youth-adult partnership rubric. Afterschool Matters, 23, 8–17.

Zeldin, S., Camino, L., & Mook, C. (2005). The adoption of innovation in youth organizations:

Creating the conditions for youth-adult partnerships. The Journal of Community Psychology, 33(1), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.2004

Zeldin, S., Christens, B. D., & Powers, J. L. (2013). The psychology and practice of youth-adult

partnership: Bridging generations for youth development and community change. American journal of community psychology, 51, 385–397.

Zeldin, S., Christens, B. D., & Powers, J. L. (2012). The psychology and practice of youth-adult

partnership: Bridging generation for youth development and community change. Society for Community Research and Action, 51, 385–397. http:// DOI 10.1007/s10464-012-9558-y

Zeldin, S., Larson, R., Camino, L., & O’Connor, C. (2005). Intergenerational relationships and partnerships in community programs: Purpose, practice and directions for research.

Journal of Community Psychology, 33(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20042