Professional Rededication to SAE: Describing SAE Implementation in the United States

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2895

Keywords:

Work-Based Learning (WBL), Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE), SAE Participation

Abstract

The ‘home project’ concept, now known as a Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE), has been a cornerstone of School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) for 100+ years. This experiential element of SBAE provides students with authentic and relevant experiences to enhance the learning process. While agricultural educators throughout the U.S. agree that SAE is an essential aspect of agricultural education, many educators claim they are not confident in implementing SAE into professional practice. This lack of confidence from educators has caused SAE to decline to the point of professional concern. This study aimed to describe SAE implementation nationally. Data utilized in this study was collected from the Agricultural Experience Tracker (AET) through student and teacher entries. Data represents entries from 619,077 students in 4,820 SBAE programs in 45 states. It was determined that the states utilizing the AET for record-keeping the most were Oklahoma (94%), Montana (94%), and Colorado (92%). Additionally, data suggested that 52.3% of SBAE students have an SAE, and the most common SAE types are within the Animal Science, Plant Science, and Power, Structural, and Technical Systems pathways. Furthermore, an estimated 865,245 SAEs nationally account for approximately $558 million in income and $857 million in investments. Overall, this suggests that the average SAE is unprofitable, which is not uncommon for new agricultural enterprises. The vast scope of SAE should be shared with agricultural education stakeholders, including educators, state staff, political leaders, educational administrators, etc., to communicate the impact of work-based learning and SAE in SBAE.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agricultural Experience Tracker. (2024). Our story. https://theaet.com/story

Baker, M. A., Robinson, J. S., & Kolb, D. A. (2012). Aligning Kolb’s experiential learning theory with a comprehensive agricultural education model. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04001

Blackburn, J. J., & Ramsey, J. W. (2014). Barriers to conducting supervised agricultural experiences as perceived by preservice education teachers. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 2(3), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.54718/ATCA9032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54718/ATCA9032

Bird, W. A., Martin, M. J., & Simonsen, J. C. (2013). Student motivation for involvement in supervised agricultural experiences: An historical perspective. Journal of Agricultural Education, 54(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2013.01031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2013.01031

Coleman, B., Bunch, J., & Roberts, T. G. (2024). Experiential learning in agricultural education: A philosophical discussion. Journal of Agricultural Education, 65(1), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.2479 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.2479

Croom, D. B. (2008). The development of the integrated three-component model of agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 49(1), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2008.01110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2008.01110

Davis, C., Kieth, L., Williams, K., & Fraze, S. (2000). Validation of the perceived benefits of competitive livestock exhibition by Texas 4-H members: A qualitative study. Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 50(1), 119–125. http://www.jsaer.org/pdf/vol50Whole.pdf#page=119

Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Simon and Schuster.

Doss, W., & Rayfield, J. (2019). Assessing school-based agricultural education teacher familiarity, knowledge, and perceptions of supervised agricultural experience categories. Journal of Agricultural Education, 60(3), 206–218. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03206

Doss, W., Rayfield, J., Murphy, T., & Frost, K. J. (2019). Examining agricultural mechanics projects and their use as supervised agricultural experiences. Journal of Agricultural Education, 60(3), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03062

Dyer, J. E., & Osborne, E. W. (1995). Participation in supervised agricultural experience programs: A synthesis of research. Journal of Agricultural Education, 36(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.01006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.01006

Dyer, J. E., & Williams, D. L. (1997). Supervision of supervised agricultural experience programs: A synthesis of research. Journal of Agricultural Education, 38(4), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1997.04059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1997.04059

Ferand, N. K., Thoron, A. C., & Myers, B. E. (2020). The relationship of prior FFA membership on perceived ability to manage an FFA chapter. Journal of Agricultural Education, 61(2), 162–172. https://doi.10.5032/jae.2020.02162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.02162

Foster, D. D., Lawver, R. G., & Smith, A. R. (2020). National Agricultural Education Supply and Demand Study, 2019 Executive Summary. http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/NS D2019Summary.pdf

Foster, D. D., Lawver, R. G., & Smith, A. R. (2021). National Agricultural Education Supply and Demand Study, 2020 Executive Summary. http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/NSD 2020Summary.pdf

Haddad, B., & Marx, A. A. (2018). Student perceptions of soft skills and career decision self-efficacy through participation in SAE. Journal of Agricultural Education, 59(4), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2018.04159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2018.04159

Hanagriff, R. (2023). 2023 Agricultural Education Engagement Executive Summary Report. https://www.theaet.com/docs/edited%202023%20Exec%20Summary%20-All%20Program%20Summary%20Values_FINAL.pdf

Hanagriff, R., Rayfield, J., Briers, G., & Murphy, T. (2014). Economic impacts and program involvement in agricultural mechanics competition projects in Texas. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(2), 79–90. https://doi10.5032/jae.2014.02079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2014.02079

Hanagriff, R., Murphy, T., Roberts, G., Briers, G., & Lindner, J. (2010). Economic impact of supervised agricultural experiences: Returns from SAE investment costs in Texas, 2007-2008. Journal of Agricultural Education, 51(4), 73–83. https://doi10.5032/jae.2010.04073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2010.04071

Johnson, L., Wilson, E., Flowers, J., & Croom, B. (2012). Perceptions of North Carolina high school agricultural educators regarding students with special needs participating in supervised agricultural experience and FFA activities. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(4), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04041

Knobloch, N. A. (2003). Is Experiential Learning Authentic? Journal of Agricultural Education, 44(4), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2003.04022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2003.04022

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall.

Lewis, L. J., Rayfield, J., & Moore, L. L. (2012). Supervised agricultural experience: An examination of student knowledge and participation. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(4), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04070

McKim, A. J., Velez, J. J., & Sorensen, T. J. (2018). A national analysis of school-based agricultural education involvement, graduation, STEM achievement, and income. Journal of Agricultural Education, 59(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2018.01070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2018.01070

Miller, T. R. (1980). The changing status of supervised occupational experience in vocational agriculture in North Carolina. Journal of Agricultural Education, 21(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5032/jaatea.1980.01013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jaatea.1980.01013

Moore, G. E. (1988). The forgotten leader in agricultural education: Rufus W. Stimson. Journal of Agricultural Education, 29(3), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.5032/jaatea.1988.03050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jaatea.1988.03050

National Council for Agricultural Education. (2024). Work-based learning through supervised agricultural experience: Real learning for a real future. https://ffa.app.box.com/s/exollg1x7q2lntun3su2mdufw07wiklf

National FFA Organization. (2020). 2020-2021 Official FFA Manual. https://issuu.com/nationalffaorganization/docs/2020-21_national_ffa_official_manual

National Vocational Education Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64-347, 39 Stat. 929 (1917). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4059623

National Vocational Education Act of 1963, Pub. L. No. 88-210, 77 Stat. 403 (1963).

Phipps, L. J., & Osborne, E. W. (1988). Handbook on agricultural education in public schools (5th ed.). Interstate Printers and Publishers.

Plasman, J., & Thompson, C. (2023). The value of informal learning within work‐based learning: The economic benefits of WBL. International Journal of Training and Development, 27(3), 305–326. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12299 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12299

Price, T. J., Manuel, E. O., Sewell, E. A., & Robinson, J. S. (2023). Preservice teachers’ perceptions of their ability to use the AET as a data management system. Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 73(1), 1–16. http://jsaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/73-Price-Manuel-Sewell-Robinson.pdf

Ramsey, J. W., & Edwards, M. C. (2011). Entry–level technical skills that agricultural industry experts expected students to learn through their supervised agricultural experiences: A modified delphi study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 52(2), 82–94. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2011.02082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2011.02082

Ramsey, J. W., & Edwards, M. C. (2012). Entry–level technical skills that teachers expected students to learn through supervised agricultural experiences (SAEs): A modified delphi study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(3), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.03042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.03042

Rank, B. D., & Retallick, M. S. (2016). Synthesis of contemporary SAE research 1994–2014. Journal of Agricultural Education, 57(4), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.04131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.04131

Rank, B. D., & Retallick, M. S. (2017). Supervised agricultural experience instruction in agricultural teacher education programs: A national descriptive study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(2), 143–169. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.02143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.02143

Retallick, M. S. (2010). Implementation of supervised agricultural experience programs: The agriculture teachers’ perspective. Journal of Agricultural Education, 51(4), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2010.04059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2010.04059

Rissing, A. (2019). “Profitability” vs. “Making It:” Causes and consequences of disembedding beginning farms’ finances. Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment, 41(2), 149–157.

https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12234

Roberts, T. G. (2006). A philosophical examination of experiential learning theory for agricultural educators. Journal of Agricultural Education, 47(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2006.01017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2006.01017

Roberts, T. G., & Harlin, J. F. (2007). The project method in agricultural education: Then and now. Journal of Agricultural Education, 48(3), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.03046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.03046

Rubenstein, E., & Scott, J. (2021). Preservice agriculture teachers’ perceived self-efficacy of specific SAE competencies. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 2(3), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v2i3.157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37433/aad.v2i3.157

Rubenstein, E. D., & Thoron, A. C. (2015). Supervised agricultural experience programs: An examination of committed teachers and student-centered programs. Journal of Agricultural Education, 56(4), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2015.04075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2015.04075

Rubenstein, E. D., Thoron, A., & Bird, T. D. (2023). Shaping supervised agricultural experiences in rural American schools: Support, supervision, and culture. Journal of Research in Technical Careers, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.9741/2578-2118.1126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9741/2578-2118.1126

Shoulders, C. W., & Toland, H. (2017). Millennial and non-millennial agriculture teachers’ current and ideal emphasis on the three components of the agricultural education program. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01085

Smith, A. R., Lawver, R. G., & Foster, D. D. (2019). National Agricultural Education Supply and Demand Study, 2018 Executive Summary. http://aaaeonline.org/Teacher-Supply-andDemand

Smith, K. L., & Rayfield, J. (2016). An early historical examination of the educational intent of supervised agricultural experiences (SAEs) and project-based learning in agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 57(2), 146–160. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.02146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.02146

Sorensen, T. J., Lambert, M. D., & McKim, A. J. (2014). Examining Oregon agriculture teachers’ professional development needs by career phase. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(5), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2014.05140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2014.05140

Stimson, R. W. (1919). Vocational agricultural education by home projects. Macmillan.

Talbert, B. A., Vaughn, R., & Croom, D. B. (2005). Foundations of agricultural education. Professional Educators Publications.

Toombs, J. M., Eck, C. J., & Robinson, J. S. (2022). The impact of a project-based learning experience on the SAE self-efficacy of preservice teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 63(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.01029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.01029

Wilson, E. B., & Moore, G. E. (2007). Exploring the paradox of supervised agricultural experience programs in agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 48(4), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.04082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.04082

Downloads

Published

01/21/2025

How to Cite

Norris, W., Hanagriff, R., Edgar, D., & Swortzel, K. (2025). Professional Rededication to SAE: Describing SAE Implementation in the United States. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(1), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2895

Issue

Section

Journal of Agricultural Education

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 > >>