A National Exploratory Study of the Adoption and Implementation of SAE for All
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i4.3256Keywords:
SAE for All, Foundational SAE, Immersion SAE, SAE, Supervised Agricultural Experience, Work Based LearningAbstract
Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAE) are one of three major components of School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE), but teachers have recognized many barriers to fully implementing them in their programs. SAE for All was adopted in 2015 and implementation resources were made available in 2017 to address these barriers. This study investigated SAE for All implementation on a national level and was framed by the diffusion of innovations theory. A Qualtrics survey was administered to all SBAE teachers in 32 states through their respective SBAE leaders, collecting 505 usable responses. Participants had students completing Foundational SAEs at the highest rates, with Placement and Entrepreneurship SAEs as the most conducted Immersion SAEs. Research SAEs were implemented in the smallest numbers, while over half of participants had School-Based Enterprise and Service Learning SAEs taking place in their programs. Participants also recognized a variety of resources available to implement SAEs, with the majority using resources they had available on campus. AET was the most utilized record book by participants. Data is also presented by AAAE region. Recommendations for continued adoption and implementation of SAE for All are provided and include student and teacher professional development for specific SAE for All categories, incorporation of SAE for All throughout teacher preparation programs, and developing additional resources for school-based SAE opportunities.
Downloads
References
AET. (n.d. -a). Our story. The Agricultural Education Tracker. https://www.theaet.com/story
AET. (n.d. -b). Sign up. The Agricultural Education Tracker. https://www.theaet.com/signup
Aviles, H. H. (2017). An examination of Oklahoma agricultural educators’ innovativeness and perceptions regarding the mandated adoption and use of the agricultural experience tracker. Publication No.10276621) [Masters Thesis, Oklahoma State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications Inc.
Croom, D. B. (2008). The development of the integrated three-component model of agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 49(1), 110–120. http://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2008.01110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2008.01110
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394260645
Doss, W., & Rayfield, J. (2019). Assessing school-based agricultural education teacher familiarity, knowledge, and perceptions of supervised agricultural experience categories. Journal of Agricultural Education, 60(3), 206–218. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.03206
Dyer, J. E., & Osborne, E. W. (1995). Participation in supervised agricultural experience programs: A synthesis of research. Journal of Agricultural Education, 36(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.01066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1995.01006
Eck, C., & Davis, R. (2024). Identifying the perceptions, barriers, and implementation of middle school supervised agricultural experiences. Journal of Agricultural Education, 65(1), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i1.158
Englin, J. P. (2023). Advancements in middle school agricultural education: An examination of emerging trends and exemplary programs (Publication No. 30670016) [Master’s thesis, Louisiana State University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Ford, J. C. (2024). School-based agricultural education teacher perceptions and implementation of Supervised Agricultural Experiences [Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University]. NC State University Libraries. https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/41709
Ford, J. C., Dossett, J., Lambert, M. D., & Easterly III, R. G. (2025). Implementation of Agriscience Fair by middle school agricultural education teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2920 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2920
Ford, J. C., & Lambert, M. D. (2023, February 5–7). Tell me how you really feel about the AET [Paper presentation]. Southern Region American Association for Agricultural Education 2023 Research Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
Ford, J., & Lambert, M. (2025a). Resources needed and barriers anticipated when implementing SAE for All. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(1), Article 29. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i1.2755
Ford, J. C., & Lambert, M. D. (2025b). Understanding the SAE for All experience for North Carolina teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(3), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i3.2904 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i3.2904
Ford, J. C., Lambert, M. D., Park, T. D., Donaldson, J. L., & Fair, B. A. (2025, February 2–4). What is really happening? SAE for All implementation across the United States. National American Association for Agricultural Education 2025 Research Conference, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Hanagriff, R. D. (n.d.). 2023 Agricultural education engagement executive summary report. The AET. https://www.theaet.com/docs/edited%202023%20Exec%20Summary%20-All%20Program%20Summary%20Values_FINAL.pdf
Lewis, L. J., Rayfield, J., & Moore, L. L. (2012). Supervised agricultural experience: An examination of student knowledge and participation. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(4), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.04070
Moore, G., & Flowers, J. (1993, July). Strengthening programs through an expanded model for SAE. The Agricultural Education Magazine, 66(1), 18–19, 23.
National FFA Organization. (2023a). Official FFA manual 2023. https://ffa.app.box.com/s/z6bkjdmqd7e329a58a27e5xn1fzcqeqq
National FFA Organization. (2023b, October). National FFA organization agricultural proficiency awards handbook. https://ffa.app.box.com/v/proficiencyhandbooks/file/289984566159
National FFA Organization. (2024, November). SAE for All resources. https://ffa.app.box.com/s/8xqijzsn8jq9ec0p992lnjvlayfk5wa3
Retallick, M. S. (2010). Implementation of supervised agricultural experience programs: The agriculture teachers’ perspective. Journal of Agricultural Education, 51(4), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2010.04059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2010.04059
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. Free Press.
Rubenstein, E. D., & Thoron, A. C. (2014). Successful Supervised Agricultural Experience programs as defined by American FFA degree star finalists. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(3), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2014.03162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2014.03162
SAE for All. (n.d.). Evolving the essentials: Immersion SAE. https://saeforall.org/immersion-sae/
Shoulders, C. W., & Toland, H. (2017). Millennial and non-millennial agriculture teachers’ current and ideal emphasis on the three components of the agricultural education program. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.0108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01085
Smith, A. R., Foster, D. D., & Lawver, R. G. (2022). National agricultural education supply and demand study, 2021 executive summary. http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/NSD2021Summary.pdf
Stimson, R. W. (1919). Vocational agricultural education by home projects. J.S. Cushing Co. - Berwick & Smith Co.
Switzer, J., & Barry, D. M. (2025, February 2–4). The integration of school-based enterprise Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs) in [state] School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) programs [Paper presentation]. Southern Region American Association for Agricultural Education 2025 Research Conference, Irving, TX, United States.
Talbert, B. A., Vaughn, R., Croom, B., & Lee, J. S. (2014). Foundations of agricultural education. Pearson Education, Inc.
The National Council for Agricultural Education (The Council). (n.d.). About us. https://thecouncil.ffa.org/ageducation/
The National Council for Agricultural Education (The Council). (2015). Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) philosophy and guiding principles. https://thecouncil.ffa.org/sae/
The National Council for Agricultural Education (The Council). (2017a). SAE for All teacher guide. https://ffa.app.box.com/s/exollg1x7q2lntun3su2mdufw07wiklf
The National Council for Agricultural Education (The Council). (2017b). SAE for All guide. https://ffa.app.box.com/s/m572qkpzzbdb9ew04haovv434k33pb9o
The National Council for Agricultural Education (The Council). (2018). School-based enterprise immersion SAE: SAE for All independent learning guide. https://ffa.app.box.com/s/ehmsurh060k4xe7c7jwyhgkdhrg1orw0
Thiel, B. L., & Marx, A. A. (2021). Making the jump: What led agriscience teachers to adopt agriscience research SAEs? Journal of Agricultural Education, 62(2), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2021.02119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2021.02119
Thiel, B., Smith, A., Smalley, S., LaRose, S., Disberger, B., Hasselquist, L., & Kreifels, M. (2025). Secondary agricultural educators’ perceptions and implementation of SAE and SAE for all. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(2), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i2.2744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i2.2744
Wilson, E. B., & Moore, G. E. (2007). Exploring the paradox of supervised agricultural experience programs in agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 48(4), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.04082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2007.04082
Yaqub, M. (2024, October 27). 7 QuickBooks statistics: A must-know in 2024. BusinessDasher. https://www.businessdasher.com/quickbooks-statistics/