Exploring Student Perceptions of an Interactive Virtual Tour of an Agricultural Facility

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i2.3031

Keywords:

virtual tour, technology acceptance model, college students, mixed methods, agricultural facility tour

Abstract

Over the past three decades, virtual tours have been used in many contexts. In educational settings, virtual tours have been used to replace on-site field trips, which can be difficult to execute due to a variety of logistical concerns. While virtual tours are widely used, there is limited research pertaining to their use in food and agricultural industry locations. To address this gap and gather student input, this research explored students' perspectives of virtual tours in an agricultural educational context. Specifically, this study sought to explore learners' perceptions of a virtual tour to learn about the cotton ginning process. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research employed a convergent parallel mixed methods design. Student scores were collected quantitatively on four TAM constructs, while qualitative insights from focus group discussions were collected to elucidate the quantitative data. Results indicated positive student perceptions of IVTs as learning tools but emphasized their inability to fully replace traditional field trips. Participants found it easy to navigate the virtual tour and appreciated the variety of content types – videos, photos, and text. They suggested additional agricultural contexts where virtual tours would be informative. These findings contribute valuable insights for researchers exploring IVT usage in agricultural education and provide guidance for virtual tour creators, informed by student feedback. Additional research should collect insights from instructors regarding the use of these educational tours in their courses.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alcântara, L., R. (2016). Using English to learn while learning to use English: International field trips as a way to learn (through) language. International Journal on Language, Literature and Culture in Education, 3(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1515/llce-2016-0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/llce-2016-0015

Arcodia, C., Abreu Novais, M., Cavlek, N., & Humpe, A. (2021). Educational tourism and experiential learning: students’ perceptions of field trips. Tourism Review (Association Internationale D'experts Scientifiques Du Tourisme), 76(1), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0155

Association for Experiential Education. (2023) What is experiential education? https://www.aee.org/what-is-experiential-education

Behrendt, M., & Franklin, T. (2014). A review of research on school field trips and their value in education. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 9(3), 235–245. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1031445.pdf

Çaliskan, O. (2011). Virtual field trips in education of earth and environmental sciences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3239–3243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.278

Cliffe, A. D. (2017). A review of the benefits and drawbacks to virtual field guides in today’s geoscience higher education environment. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(28). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0066-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0066-x

Cassady, J. C., Kozlowski, A., & Kornmann, M. (2008). Electronic field trips as interactive learning events: Promoting student learning at a distance. The Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19(3), 439–454. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/24187/article_24187.pdf

Connelly, L. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435-436

Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative research. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Choosing a mixed methods design. In Designing and conducting mixed methods research (pp. 53–106). essay, SAGE.

Davis, F. (1985). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: theory and results. Ph. D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/20001062454

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111–1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x

El-Said, O., & Aziz, H. (2021). Virtual tours a means to an end: an analysis of virtual tours’ role in tourism recovery post COVID-19. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), 528–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997567

Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (6th ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Guest, G., Namey, E., & McKenna, K. (2017). How Many focus groups are enough? Building an evidence base for nonprobability sample sizes. Field Methods, 29(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X16639015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X16639015

Guo, Y., & Barnes, S. (2011). Purchase behavior in virtual worlds: An empirical investigation in Second Life. Information & Management, 48(7), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2011.07.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2011.07.004

Hair, J. F., LDS Gabriel, M., Silva, D. D., & Braga, S. (2019). Development and validation of attitudes measurement scales: fundamental and practical aspects. RAUSP Management Journal, 54(4), 490–507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-05-2019-0098

Hajjar, S. T. (2018). Statistical analysis: internal-consistency reliability and construct validity. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 6(1), 27–38.

Han, I. (2020). Immersive virtual field trips and elementary students’ perceptions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(1), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12946

Hennink, M. M, Kaiser, B. N., Weber, M. B. (2019). What influences saturation? Estimating sample sizes in focus group research. Qualitative Health Research. 1483–1496. doi:10.1177/1049732318821692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318821692

Herritsch, A., Rahim, E., Fee, C. J., Morison, K. R., & Gostomski, P. A. (2013). An interactive virtual tour of a milk powder plant. Chemical Engineering Education, 47(2), 107–114.

Hosticka, A., Schriver, M., Bedell, J. & Clark, K. (2002). Computer based virtual field trips. Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2002--World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (pp. 312–316). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/9289/.

Karcher, E. L., & Reid, P. (2018). The use of virtual farm tours in a dairy cattle management course. NACTA Journal, 62(4), 371–375.

Kim, M., & Hall, C. (2019). A hedonic motivation model in virtual reality tourism: Comparing visitors and non-visitors. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 236–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.016

Knapp, D. (2000). Memorable experiences of a science field trip. School Science and Mathematics, 100(2), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2000.tb17238.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2000.tb17238.x

Krueger, R. A. & Casey, M. A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. California: SAGE Publications.

Lei, S., A. (2010). Field trips in college biology and ecology courses: Revisiting benefits and drawbacks. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 37(1), 42.

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8

Marangunić, N., & Granić, A. (2014). Technology acceptance model: a literature review from 1986 to 2013. Universal Access in the Information Society, 14(1), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0348-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0348-1

Mead, C., Buxner, S., Bruce, G., Taylor, W., Semken, S., & Anbar, A. D. (2019). Immersive, interactive virtual field trips promote science learning. Journal of Geoscience Education, 67(2), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2019.1565285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2019.1565285

Partyka, R., Riggs, A., Cartmell, D., & Cota, L. (2019). Students' perceptions of an agricultural communications field trip 1. NACTA Journal, 63(1), 65–71.

Petersen, G. B., Klingenberg, S., Mayer, R. E., & Makransky, G. (2020) The virtual field trip: Investigating how to optimize immersive virtual learning in climate change education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(6), 2099–2115. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12991

Peterson, R. A. (1994). A meta-analysis of Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(2), 381–391. Retrieved 2023, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2489828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/209405

Rugaiyah, R. (2022). Experiential learning through field trips: An overview. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(4), 6255–6266. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.1972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.1972

Saeed, F. T. A., & Kassim, R. N. M. (2017). Validation measurement model of media staffs’ satisfaction, leadership, pay, working environment, rewards and performance. World Journal of Research and Review, 5(3), 84–88

Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-2004-22201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201

Spicer, J., & Stratford, J. (2001). Student perceptions of a virtual field trip to replace a real field trip. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17(4), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2001.00191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2001.00191.x

Thomas, E., & Magilvy, J. K. (2011). Qualitative rigor or research validity in qualitative research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 16(2), 151155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00283.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00283.x

Vishwakarma, P., Mukherjee, S., & Datta., B. (2020). Travelers’ intention to adopt virtual reality: A consumer value perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 17, 100456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100456

Williams, M., & Moser, T. (2019). The art of coding and thematic exploration in qualitative research. International Management Review, 15(1), 45–72. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/art-coding-thematic-exploration-qualitative/docview/2210886420/se-2

Wright, M., C. (2000). Getting more out of less: The benefits of short-term experiential learning in undergraduate sociology courses. Teaching Sociology, 28(2), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.2307/1319259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1319259

Downloads

Published

04/21/2025

How to Cite

Harlan, K., Meyers, C., Fischer, L., & Kennedy, L. (2025). Exploring Student Perceptions of an Interactive Virtual Tour of an Agricultural Facility. Journal of Agricultural Education, 66(2), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v66i2.3031

Issue

Section

Journal of Agricultural Education

Most read articles by the same author(s)